Ekufuneni ukwandisa ixesha lokuphila kunye nokusebenzisa iimpawu zeiicrucibles zegraphite, umzi-mveliso wethu wenze uphando olubanzi kunye nokuhlola kwimveliso kunye nokusebenza kwabo.Nantsi imiyalelo yokusebenza kweecrucible zegraphite:
Izilumkiso ezikhethekileyo kwi-high-purity graphite crucibles:
Ziphephe iimpembelelo zoomatshini kwaye ungawisi okanye ubethe i-crucible ukusuka kumphakamo.Kwaye uyigcine yomile kwaye kude yenze ukufuma.Ungawachukumisi amanzi emva kokuba eshushu kwaye omisiwe.
Xa usebenzisa, kunqanda ukwalathisa ilangatye ngqo kwi-crucible's bottom.Ukuchanabeka ngokuthe ngqo edangatyeni kunokushiya amanqaku amnyama abalulekileyo.
Emva kokuvala isithando somlilo, susa nayiphi na i-aluminium eseleyo okanye izinto zobhedu kwi-crucible kwaye ugweme ukushiya nayiphi na intsalela.
Sebenzisa izinto ezine-acidic (ezifana ne-flux) ngokumodareyitha ukuthintela ukubola kunye nokuqhekeka kwe-crucible.
Xa ufaka izinto eziphathekayo, kuphephe ukubetha i-crucible kwaye ugweme ukusebenzisa amandla omatshini.
Ukugcinwa kunye nokudluliselwa kwe-graphite crucibles:
I-high-purity crucibles ye-graphite crucibles ivakalelwa kumanzi, ngoko ke kufuneka ikhuselwe kumanzi kunye nokutyhila kwamanzi.
Nika ingqalelo ukuphepha umonakalo ongaphezulu.Musa ukubeka i-crucible ngqo phantsi;endaweni yoko, sebenzisa ipalethi okanye ibhodi yokupakisha.
Xa uhambisa i-crucible, kuphephe ukuyiqengqeleka ecaleni phantsi.Ukuba ifuna ukujikeleziswa ngokuthe nkqo, beka ikhadibhodi engqindilili okanye ilaphu emgangathweni ukuthintela imikrwelo okanye imikrwelo emazantsi.
Ngexesha lokudluliselwa, qaphela ngokukodwa ukuba ungawisi okanye ubethe i-crucible.
Ukufakwa kweecrucible zegraphite:
I-crucible stand (iqonga le-crucible) kufuneka libe ne-diameter efanayo okanye enkulu njengezantsi le-crucible.Ukuphakama kweqonga kufuneka kube phezulu kunomlomo wedangatye ukukhusela ilangatye ekufikeleleni kwi-crucible ngqo.
Ukuba usebenzisa izitena eziphikisayo kwiqonga, izitena ezijikelezayo zikhethwayo, kwaye kufuneka zibe flat ngaphandle kokugoba.Gwema ukusebenzisa isiqingatha okanye izitena ezingalinganiyo, kwaye kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise iiplatifomu zegraphite ezingeniswe ngaphandle.
Beka i-crucible stand kwindawo yokunyibilika okanye i-annealing, kwaye usebenzise i-carbon powder, i-rice husk ash, okanye i-cotton refractory njenge-cushion ukukhusela i-crucible ukuba ibambelele kwi-stand.Emva kokubeka i-crucible, qinisekisa ukuba iphakanyiswe (usebenzisa inqanaba lomoya).
Khetha i-crucibles efanelekileyo ehambelana nesithando somlilo, kwaye ugcine i-gap efanelekileyo (ubuncinci (ubuncinci (40mm) phakathi kwe-crucible kunye nodonga lwesithando somlilo.
Xa usebenzisa i-crucible nge-spout, shiya isithuba esimalunga ne-30-50mm phakathi kwe-spout kunye nesitena esiphikisayo esisezantsi.Musa ukubeka nantoni na ngaphantsi, kwaye sebenzisa i-cotton ephikisayo ukugudisa ukudibanisa phakathi kwe-spout kunye nodonga lwesithando somlilo.Udonga lwesithando somlilo kufuneka lube nezitena ezisisigxina ezichaseneyo (amanqaku amathathu), kunye nekhadibhodi edibeneyo malunga ne-3mm ubukhulu kufuneka ibekwe phantsi kwe-crucible ukuvumela ukwandiswa kwe-thermal emva kokufudumeza.
Ukufudumeza kwangaphambili kunye nokomiswa kweecrucible zegraphite:
Ukutshisa i-crucible kufuphi ne-oil furnace kwiiyure ze-4-5 ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa ukuncedisa ukususwa komswakama ukusuka kwindawo ye-crucible.
Kwimibhobho emitsha, beka amalahle okanye iinkuni ngaphakathi kwi-crucible kwaye uyitshise malunga neeyure ezine ukunceda ukususa ukufuma.
Amaxesha acetyiswayo okufudumeza kwi-crucible entsha ngala alandelayo:
0℃ ukuya ku-200℃: Nyusa kancinci ubushushu ngaphezulu kweyure ezi-4.
Kwiziko leoli: Yongeza ubushushu kancinci kangangeyure enye, ukusuka ku-0℃ ukuya kwi-300℃, kwaye udinga iiyure ezi-4 ukusuka kwi-200℃ ukuya kwi-300℃,
Kwiziko zombane: kufuneka iiyure ezi-4 zokufudumeza ukusuka kwi-300℃ ukuya kwi-800℃, emva koko iiyure ezi-4 ukusuka kwi-300℃ ukuya kwi-400℃.ukusuka kwi-400 ℃ ukuya kwi-600 ℃, nyusa ubushushu ngokukhawuleza kwaye ugcine iiyure ezi-2.
Emva kokucima isithando somlilo, amaxesha acetyiswayo okufudumeza alandelayo:
Kwiziko ze-oyile kunye nombane: Kufuneka iyure enye yexesha lokufudumeza ukusuka kwi-0℃ ukuya kwi-300℃.Kufuneka iiyure ezi-4 zokufudumeza ukusuka kwi-300℃ ukuya kwi-600℃.Yandisa ngokukhawuleza ubushushu ukuya kwinqanaba elifunekayo.
Izinto zokutshaja:
Xa usebenzisa i-high-purity crucible graphite crucibles, qalisa ngokufaka izinto ezincinci zekona ngaphambi kokuba ungeze iziqwenga ezinkulu.Sebenzisa iitongi ngokucokisekileyo kwaye ngokuzolileyo ubeke izinto kwi-crucible.Kuphephe ukulayisha kakhulu i-crucible ukuyithintela ukuba ingaqhekeki.
Kwiziko ze-oyile, izinto zongezwa emva kokufikelela kwi-300 ℃.
Kwiziko lombane:
Ukusuka kwi-200℃ ukuya kwi-300℃, qala ukongeza izinto ezincinci.Ukusukela kwi400℃ ukuya phambili, kancinci kancinci yongeza imathiriyeli ezinkulu.Xa ukongeza izinto ngexesha lokuvelisa ngokuqhubekayo, gwema ukuzongeza kwindawo efanayo ukukhusela i-oxidation emlonyeni we-crucible.
Kwiziko zombane zokugquma, shushumbisa ukuya kuma-500℃ phambi kokuba ugalele i-aluminiyam enyibilikayo.
Izilumkiso ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwe-graphite crucibles:
Ukuphatha izinto ngokucokisekileyo xa uzongeza kwi-crucible, ugweme ukubekwa ngokunyanzeliswayo ukukhusela ukonakalisa i-crucible.
Kwii-crucibles ezisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiiyure ze-24, ubomi babo bunokwandiswa.Ekupheleni kosuku lomsebenzi kunye nokuvalwa kwesithando somlilo, izinto ezityhidiweyo kwi-crucible kufuneka zisuswe ukuze kuthintelwe ukuqina kunye nokwandiswa okulandelayo, okungabangela ukuguqulwa kwe-crucible okanye ukuphuka.
Xa usebenzisa i-melting agents (ezifana ne-FLLUX ye-aluminium alloys okanye i-borax ye-alloys yobhedu), zisebenzise ngokukhawuleza ukuze ugweme ukubola iindonga ze-crucible.Yongeza i-agent xa i-aluminium inyibilika malunga nemizuzu eyi-8 ukusuka ekubeni igcwele, ivuselela ngobumnene ukuthintela ukuba babambelele kwiindonga ezinqamlekileyo.
Qaphela: Ukuba i-agent enyibilikayo iqulethe ngaphezu kwe-10% ye-sodium (Na) umxholo, i-crucible ekhethekileyo eyenziwe ngezinto ezithile ezifunekayo.
Ekupheleni kosuku ngalunye lomsebenzi, ngelixa i-crucible isatshisa, susa ngokukhawuleza nayiphi na intsimbi ebambelele kwiindonga ezinqambileyo ukukhusela i-residu egqithisileyo, enokuchaphazela ukuhanjiswa kobushushu kunye nokwandisa ixesha lokutshatyalaliswa, okubangela ukwanda kwe-thermal kunye nokuphulwa kwe-crucible.
Kunconywa ukuba uhlolisise imeko ye-crucible malunga neenyanga ezimbini kwii-alloys ze-aluminium (iveki nganye kwii-alloys zobhedu).Hlola indawo yangaphandle kwaye uhlambulule igumbi lesithando somlilo.Ukongezelela, jikelezisa i-crucible ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukunxiba, okunceda ukwandisa ubomi be-graphite crucibles ephezulu.
Ngokulandela le miyalelo yokusebenza, abasebenzisi banokwandisa ixesha lokuphila kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwee-graphite crucibles zabo, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-10-2023