Ekufuneni ukwandisa ixesha lokuphila kunye nokusebenzisa iimpawu zeiicrucibles zegraphite, umzi-mveliso wethu wenze uphando olubanzi kunye nokuhlola kwimveliso kunye nokusebenza kwabo. Nantsi imiyalelo yokusebenza kweecrucible zegraphite:
Izilumkiso ezikhethekileyo kwi-high-purity graphite crucibles:
Ziphephe iimpembelelo zoomatshini kwaye ungawisi okanye ubethe i-crucible ukusuka kumphakamo. Kwaye uyigcine yomile kwaye kude yenze ukufuma. Ungawachukumisi amanzi emva kokuba eshushu kwaye omisiwe.
Xa usebenzisa, kunqanda ukwalathisa ilangatye ngqo kwi-crucible's bottom. Ukuchanabeka ngokuthe ngqo edangatyeni kunokushiya amanqaku amnyama abalulekileyo.
Emva kokuvala isithando somlilo, susa nayiphi na i-aluminium eseleyo okanye izinto zobhedu kwi-crucible kwaye ugweme ukushiya nayiphi na intsalela.
Sebenzisa izinto ezine-acidic (ezifana ne-flux) ngokumodareyitha ukuthintela ukubola kunye nokuqhekeka kwe-crucible.
Xa ufaka izinto eziphathekayo, kuphephe ukubetha i-crucible kwaye ugweme ukusebenzisa amandla omatshini.
Ukugcinwa kunye nokudluliselwa kwe-graphite crucibles:
I-high-purity crucibles ye-graphite crucibles iyakhathazeka kumanzi, ngoko ke kufuneka ikhuselwe kumanzi kunye nokutyhila kwamanzi.
Nika ingqalelo ukuphepha umonakalo ongaphezulu. Musa ukubeka i-crucible ngqo phantsi; endaweni yoko, sebenzisa ipalethi okanye ibhodi yokupakisha.
Xa uhambisa i-crucible, kuphephe ukuyiqengqeleka ecaleni phantsi. Ukuba ifuna ukujikeleziswa ngokuthe nkqo, beka ikhadibhodi engqindilili okanye ilaphu emgangathweni ukuthintela imikrwelo okanye imikrwelo emazantsi.
Ngexesha lokudluliselwa, qaphela ngokukodwa ukuba ungawisi okanye ubethe i-crucible.
Ukufakwa kweecrucible zegraphite:
I-crucible stand (iqonga le-crucible) kufuneka libe ne-diameter efanayo okanye enkulu njengezantsi le-crucible. Ukuphakama kweqonga kufuneka kube phezulu kunomlomo wedangatye ukukhusela ilangatye ekufikeleleni kwi-crucible ngqo.
Ukuba usebenzisa izitena eziphikisayo kwiqonga, izitena ezijikelezayo zikhethwayo, kwaye kufuneka zibe flat ngaphandle kokugoba. Gwema ukusebenzisa isiqingatha okanye izitena ezingalinganiyo, kwaye kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise iiplatifomu zegraphite ezingeniswe ngaphandle.
Beka i-crucible stand kwindawo yokunyibilika okanye i-annealing, kwaye usebenzise i-carbon powder, i-rice husk ash, okanye i-cotton refractory njenge-cushion ukukhusela i-crucible ukuba ibambelele kwi-stand. Emva kokubeka i-crucible, qinisekisa ukuba iphakanyiswe (usebenzisa inqanaba lomoya).
Khetha i-crucibles efanelekileyo ehambelana nesithando somlilo, kwaye ugcine isithuba esifanelekileyo (ubuncinci (40mm) phakathi kwe-crucible kunye nodonga lwesithando somlilo.
Xa usebenzisa i-crucible nge-spout, shiya isithuba esimalunga ne-30-50mm phakathi kwe-spout kunye nesitena esiphikisayo esisezantsi. Musa ukubeka nantoni na ngaphantsi, kwaye sebenzisa i-cotton ephikisayo ukugudisa ukudibanisa phakathi kwe-spout kunye nodonga lwesithando somlilo. Udonga lwesithando somlilo kufuneka lube nezitena ezisisigxina ezinqabileyo (amanqaku amathathu), kunye nekhadibhodi edibeneyo malunga ne-3mm ubukhulu kufuneka ibekwe phantsi kwe-crucible ukuvumela ukwandiswa kwe-thermal emva kokufudumeza.
Ukufudumeza kwangaphambili kunye nokomiswa kweecrucible zegraphite:
Ukutshisa i-crucible kufuphi ne-oil furnace kwiiyure ze-4-5 ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa ukuncedisa ukususwa komswakama ukusuka kwindawo ye-crucible.
Kwimibhobho emitsha, beka amalahle okanye iinkuni ngaphakathi kwi-crucible kwaye uyitshise malunga neeyure ezine ukunceda ukususa ukufuma.
Amaxesha acetyiswayo okufudumeza kwi-crucible entsha ngala alandelayo:
0℃ ukuya ku-200℃: Nyusa kancinci ubushushu ngaphezulu kweyure ezi-4.
Kwiziko leoli: Yongeza ubushushu kancinci kangangeyure enye, ukusuka ku-0℃ ukuya kwi-300℃, kwaye udinga iiyure ezi-4 ukusuka kwi-200℃ ukuya kwi-300℃,
Kwiziko zombane: kufuneka iiyure ezi-4 zokufudumeza ukusuka kwi-300℃ ukuya kwi-800℃, emva koko iiyure ezi-4 ukusuka kwi-300℃ ukuya kwi-400℃. ukusuka kwi-400 ℃ ukuya kwi-600 ℃, nyusa ubushushu ngokukhawuleza kwaye ugcine iiyure ezi-2.
Emva kokucima isithando somlilo, amaxesha acetyiswayo okufudumeza alandelayo:
Kwiziko ze-oyile kunye nombane: Kufuneka iyure enye yexesha lokufudumeza ukusuka kwi-0℃ ukuya kwi-300℃. Kufuneka iiyure ezi-4 zokufudumeza ukusuka kwi-300℃ ukuya kwi-600℃. Yandisa ngokukhawuleza ubushushu ukuya kwinqanaba elifunekayo.
Izinto zokutshaja:
Xa usebenzisa i-high-purity crucible graphite crucibles, qalisa ngokufaka izinto ezincinci zekona ngaphambi kokuba ungeze iziqwenga ezinkulu. Sebenzisa iitongi ngokucokisekileyo kwaye ngokuzolileyo ubeke izinto kwi-crucible. Kuphephe ukulayisha kakhulu i-crucible ukuyithintela ukuba ingaqhekeki.
Kwiziko ze-oyile, izinto zongezwa emva kokufikelela kwi-300 ℃.
Kwiziko lombane:
Ukusuka kwi-200℃ ukuya kwi-300℃, qala ukongeza izinto ezincinci. Ukusukela kwi400℃ ukuya phambili, kancinci kancinci yongeza imathiriyeli ezinkulu. Xa ukongeza izinto ngexesha lokuvelisa ngokuqhubekayo, gwema ukuzongeza kwindawo efanayo ukukhusela i-oxidation emlonyeni we-crucible.
Kwiziko zombane zokugquma, shushumbisa ukuya kuma-500℃ phambi kokuba ugalele i-aluminiyam enyibilikayo.
Izilumkiso ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwe-graphite crucibles:
Ukuphatha izinto ngokucokisekileyo xa uzongeza kwi-crucible, ugweme ukubekwa ngokunyanzeliswayo ukukhusela ukonakalisa i-crucible.
Kwii-crucibles ezisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiiyure ze-24, ubomi babo bunokwandiswa. Ekupheleni kosuku lomsebenzi kunye nokuvalwa kwesithando somlilo, izinto ezityhidiweyo kwi-crucible kufuneka zisuswe ukuze kuthintelwe ukuqina kunye nokwandiswa okulandelayo, okunokubangela ukuguqulwa kwe-crucible okanye ukuphuka.
Xa usebenzisa i-melting agents (ezifana ne-FLLUX ye-aluminium alloys okanye i-borax ye-alloys yobhedu), zisebenzise ngokukhawuleza ukuze ugweme ukubola iindonga ze-crucible. Yongeza ama-agent xa i-aluminium inyibilika malunga nemizuzu eyi-8 ukusuka ekubeni igcwele, ivuselela ngobumnene ukuthintela ukunamathela kwiindonga ezinqamlekileyo.
Qaphela: Ukuba i-agent enyibilikayo iqulethe ngaphezu kwe-10% ye-sodium (Na) umxholo, i-crucible ekhethekileyo eyenziwe ngezinto ezithile ezifunekayo.
Ekupheleni kosuku ngalunye lomsebenzi, ngelixa i-crucible isatshisa, susa ngokukhawuleza nayiphi na isinyithi ebambelele kwiindonga ezinqambileyo ukukhusela i-residu egqithisileyo, enokuchaphazela ukuhanjiswa kobushushu kunye nokwandisa ixesha lokutshatyalaliswa, okubangela ukwanda kwe-thermal kunye nokuphulwa kwe-crucible.
Kunconywa ukuba uhlolisise imeko ye-crucible malunga neenyanga ezimbini kwii-alloys ze-aluminium (iveki nganye kwii-alloys zobhedu). Hlola indawo yangaphandle kwaye uhlambulule igumbi lesithando somlilo. Ukongezelela, jikelezisa i-crucible ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukunxiba, okunceda ukwandisa ubomi be-graphite crucibles ephezulu.
Ngokulandela le miyalelo yokusebenza, abasebenzisi banokwandisa ixesha lokuphila kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwee-graphite crucibles zabo, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-10-2023