Izikhonkwane ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yezixhobo zekhemikhali kwaye zisebenza njengezikhongozeli zokunyibilika kunye nokusulungekiswa kolwelo lwesinyithi, kunye nokufudumeza kunye nokusabela kwimixube yolwelo oluqinileyo.Benza isiseko sokuqinisekisa ukusabela kweekhemikhali ezigudileyo.
IiCrucibles zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezintathu eziphambili:iicrucibles zegraphite, izitya zodongwe, kunye neentsimbi zentsimbi.
I-Graphite crucibles yenziwe ngokuyinhloko kwi-graphite ye-crystalline yendalo, igcina iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali zegraphite yendalo.Zine-conductivity elungileyo ye-thermal kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu.Ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kobushushu obuphezulu, babonisa i-coefficients yokwandisa i-thermal ephantsi, okwenza ukuba baxhathise ukufudumeza ngokukhawuleza kunye nokupholisa.I-Graphite crucibles inokumelana ne-corrosion eyomeleleyo kwizisombululo ze-acidic kunye ne-alkaline kwaye zibonisa ukuzinza kweekhemikhali okugqwesileyo.
Ngenxa yezi mpawu ziphezulu, ii-graphite crucibles zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumashishini afana ne-metallurgy, casting, machine, and chemical engineering.Bafumana ukusetyenziswa okubanzi ekunyibilikisweni kweentsimbi zesixhobo se-alloy kunye nokunyibilika kwesinyithi esingenawo i-ferrous kunye ne-alloys zazo, ezinikezela ngeenzuzo eziphawulekayo zobuchwepheshe kunye nezoqoqosho.
IiCrucible zeSilicon Carbide:
I-silicon carbide crucibles zizikhongozeli ze-ceramic ezimile okwesitya.Xa izinto eziqinileyo zifuna ukufudunyezwa kumaqondo aphezulu, ii-crucibles ziyimfuneko kuba ziyakwazi ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu xa kuthelekiswa ne-glassware.Izikhonkwane zidla ngokungazaliswa kumthamo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa ukuthintela imathiriyeli eshushu ekuchithekeni, evumela umoya ukuba ungene ngokukhululekileyo kwaye uququzelele ukusabela okunokwenzeka kwe-oxidation.Ngenxa yesiseko sazo esincinci, ii-crucibles zihlala zibekwe kunxantathu wodongwe ukufudumeza ngokuthe ngqo.Zinokubekwa ngokuthe tye okanye kwi-engile kwi-iron tripod, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zovavanyo.Emva kokufudumeza, ii-crucibles akufanele zibekwe ngokukhawuleza kwindawo ebandayo yentsimbi ukuphepha ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuphuka okunokwenzeka.Ngokufanayo, akufanele zibekwe ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo yokhuni ukukhusela ukutshisa okanye iingozi zomlilo.Indlela echanekileyo kukuvumela ukuba izikhenkce ziphole ngokwemvelo kwi-iron tripod okanye zibekwe kumnatha we-asbestos ukwenzela ukupholisa ngokuthe ngcembe.Izithawuni ezibethelelwayo kufuneka zisetyenziselwe ukuphatha.
Iintsimbi zePlatinam:
Iiplastiki zeplatinum, ezenziwe ngeplatinum yensimbi, zisebenza njengeendawo ezisetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya okungafaniyo kwe-thermal kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukufudumeza izinto ezingezizo ezentsimbi, ezifana nokuveliswa kwefiber yeglasi kunye nomzobo weglasi.
Akufuneki badibane ne:
Iikhompawundi eziqinileyo ezifana ne-K2O, Na2O, KNO3, NaNO3, KCN, NaCN, Na2O2, Ba (OH)2, LiOH, njl.
I-Aqua regia, izisombululo ze-halogen, okanye izisombululo ezikwazi ukuvelisa i-halogens.
Imidibaniso yeentsimbi ezincitshiswa ngokulula kunye neentsimbi ngokwazo.
I-silicates enekhabhoni, i-phosphorus, i-arsenic, isulfure, kunye neekhompawundi zazo.
IiCrucible zeNickel:
Indawo yokunyibilika kwe-nickel yi-1455 degrees Celsius, kwaye ubushushu besampuli kwi-nickel crucible akufanele idlule i-700 degrees Celsius ukukhusela i-oxidation kumaqondo aphezulu.
I-nickel crucibles ixhathisa kakhulu kwizinto ze-alkaline kunye ne-corrosion, ezenza zilungele ukunyibilika kwe-alloys yensimbi, i-slag, udongwe, izinto eziphikisayo, kunye nokunye.I-Nickel crucibles iyahambelana ne-alkaline fluxes efana ne-NaOH, i-Na2O2, i-NaCO3, kunye nezo ziqukethe i-KNO3, kodwa akufanele zisetyenziswe kunye ne-KHSO4, i-NaHSO4, i-K2S2O7, okanye i-Na2S2O7 kunye ne-sulfide fluxes nge-sulfure.Ukunyibilika kweetyuwa ze-aluminiyam, i-zinc, ilothe, i-tin, kunye ne-mercury kunokwenza ii-nickel crucibles zibe brittle.I-nickel crucibles akufanele isetyenziswe ukutshisa i-precipitates, kwaye i-borax ayifanele inyibilike kuyo.
Iikhreyibhile ze-nickel zihlala zinezixa ze-chromium, ngoko ke kufuneka kulumke xa iseshoni iphazamisekile.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-18-2023