Indima yezinto ezahlukeneyo ezongezelelweyo kwi-aluminium alloy

Isilicon (Si)
I-Silicon (Si) iyona nto iphambili yokuphucula i-fluidity. Eyona fluidity inokufumaneka ukusuka eutectic ukuya hypereutectic. Nangona kunjalo, i-silicon (Si) ecwebezelayo ithande ukwenza amanqaku anzima, isenza ukuba umsebenzi wokusika ube mandundu. Ngoko ke, ngokuqhelekileyo akuvumelekanga ukudlula indawo ye-eutectic. Ukongeza, i-silicon (Si) inokuphucula amandla okuqina, ukuqina, ukusika ukusebenza, kunye namandla kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngelixa inciphisa ubude.
I-Magnesium (Mg) I-Aluminiyam-i-magnesium alloy ineyona ndlela ingcono yokuxhathisa i-corrosion. Ke ngoko, i-ADC5 kunye ne-ADC6 zii-alloys ezimelana nokutyiwa. Uluhlu lwalo lokuqinisa lukhulu kakhulu, ngoko lunobuqhetseba obushushu, kwaye i-castings ithambekele ekuqhekekeni, okwenza kube nzima ukuphosa. I-Magnesium (Mg) njengokungcola kwizinto ze-AL-Cu-Si, i-Mg2Si iya kwenza i-casting brittle, ngoko ke umgangatho uphakathi kwe-0.3%.

Intsimbi (Fe) Nangona isinyithi (Fe) sinokunyusa kakhulu ukushisa kwe-recrystallization ye-zinc (Zn) kunye nokunciphisa inkqubo ye-recrystallization, kwi-die-casting melting, i-iron (Fe) ivela kwi-iron crucibles, i-gooseneck tubes, kunye nezixhobo zokunyibilika, kwaye i-soluble kwi-zinc (Zn). Intsimbi (Fe) ethwalwa yi-aluminium (Al) incinci kakhulu, kwaye xa i-iron (Fe) idlula umda wokunyibilika, iya kucwebezela njenge-FeAl3. Iziphene ezibangelwa yi-Fe ikakhulu zivelisa i-slag kwaye zidada njenge-FeAl3 iikhompawundi. I-casting iba yi-brittle, kwaye i-machinability iyancipha. Ubumanzi bentsimbi buchaphazela ukuguda kwendawo yokuphosa.
Ukungcola kwentsimbi (Fe) kuya kuvelisa iikristale ezifana nenaliti ye-FeAl3. Ekubeni i-die-casting ipholile ngokukhawuleza, i-crystals ye-precipitated ilungile kakhulu kwaye ayinakuqwalaselwa njengezinto ezinobungozi. Ukuba umxholo ungaphantsi kwe-0.7%, akulula ukudiliza, ngoko umxholo wesinyithi we-0.8-1.0% ungcono kwi-die-casting. Ukuba kukho ubuninzi bentsimbi (Fe), iikhompawundi zetsimbi ziya kwenziwa, zenze amanqaku anzima. Ngaphezu koko, xa umxholo we-iron (Fe) udlula i-1.2%, uya kunciphisa umbane we-alloy, ukonakalisa umgangatho wokubunjwa, kwaye unciphise ubomi bezinto zetsimbi kwisixhobo sokufa.

I-Nickel (Ni) Njengobhedu (Cu), kukho ukuthambekela kokwandisa amandla okuqina kunye nobunzima, kwaye kunempembelelo enkulu ekuxhathiseni ukubola. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-nickel (i-Ni) yongezwa ekuphuculeni amandla aphezulu okushisa kunye nokumelana nokushisa, kodwa kunefuthe elibi kwi-corrosion resistance and conductivity thermal conductivity.

I-Manganese (Mn) Inokuphucula amandla okushisa aphezulu e-alloys equkethe ubhedu (Cu) kunye ne-silicon (Si). Ukuba idlula umda othile, kulula ukuvelisa i-Al-Si-Fe-P + o {T * T f; X Mn iikhompawundi ze-quaternary, ezinokuthi zenze lula iingongoma ezinzima kunye nokunciphisa i-thermal conductivity. I-Manganese (i-Mn) inokuthintela inkqubo yokuvuselela i-aluminium alloys, ukwandisa ubushushu be-recrystallization, kunye nokucoca kakhulu i-recrystallization grain. Ukucokiswa kweenkozo zokuhlaziya iikristale ikakhulu kungenxa yempembelelo ethintelayo yamasuntswana ekhompawundi ye-MnAl6 ekukhuleni kweenkozo zokwenziwa kwakhona. Omnye umsebenzi we-MnAl6 kukunyibilikisa isinyithi sokungcola (Fe) ukwenza (Fe, Mn) Al6 kunye nokunciphisa iziphumo ezinobungozi zentsimbi. I-Manganese (Mn) yinto ebalulekileyo ye-alloys ye-aluminium kwaye inokongezwa njenge-standalone Al-Mn i-alloy binary alloy okanye kunye nezinye izinto ezixubileyo. Ngoko ke, i-alloys ezininzi ze-aluminium zine-manganese (Mn).

IZinc (Zn)
Ukuba i-zinc engcolileyo (i-Zn) ikhona, iya kubonisa i-brittleness ephezulu yobushushu. Nangona kunjalo, xa idibene ne-mercury (Hg) ukwenza i-alloys eqinile ye-HgZn2, ivelisa umphumo obalulekileyo wokuqinisa. I-JIS imisela ukuba umxholo we-zinc engcolileyo (Zn) kufuneka ube ngaphantsi kwe-1.0%, ngelixa imigangatho yangaphandle ingavumela ukuya kwi-3%. Le ngxoxo ayibhekiseli kwi-zinc (Zn) njengenxalenye ye-alloy kodwa indima yayo njengokungcola okuvame ukubangela ukuqhekeka kwi-castings.

I-Chromium (Cr)
I-Chromium (i-Cr) yenza i-intermetallic compounds njenge (CrFe) Al7 kunye (i-CrMn) i-Al12 kwi-aluminium, inqanda i-nucleation kunye nokukhula kwe-recrystallization kunye nokubonelela ngemiphumo yokomeleza kwi-alloy. Isenokuphucula ukuqina kwe-alloy kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-corrosion cracking sensitivity. Nangona kunjalo, inokwandisa ubuzaza bokucima.

I-Titanium (Ti)
Nokuba isixa esincinci se-titanium (Ti) kwi-alloy inokuphucula iipropathi zayo zemishini, kodwa inokunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kombane. Umxholo obalulekileyo we-titanium (Ti) kwi-Al-Ti i-alloys ye-series for precipitation hardening malunga ne-0.15%, kwaye ubukho bayo bunokuncitshiswa kunye nokongezwa kwe-boron.

ILead (Pb), iTin (Sn), kunye neCadmium (Cd)
I-Calcium (Ca), i-lead (Pb), i-tin (i-Sn), kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo zinokuba khona kwii-alloys ze-aluminium. Ekubeni ezi zinto zineendawo ezahlukeneyo zokunyibilika kunye nezakhiwo, zenza iikhompawundi ezahlukeneyo kunye ne-aluminium (Al), okubangelwa yimiphumo eyahlukeneyo kwiipropati ze-aluminium alloys. I-Calcium (Ca) ine-solubility ephantsi kakhulu ephantsi kwe-aluminium kwaye yenza i-CaAl4 i-compounds ene-aluminium (Al), enokuphucula ukusebenza kwe-aluminium alloys. I-Lead (Pb) kunye ne-tin (Sn) yintsimbi ephantsi-encibilikayo kunye ne-solubility ephantsi eqinile kwi-aluminium (Al), enokunciphisa amandla e-alloy kodwa iphucule ukusebenza kwayo kokusika.

Ukwandisa umxholo we-lead (Pb) kunokunciphisa ubunzima be-zinc (Zn) kunye nokwandisa ukunyibilika kwayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba nayiphi na i-lothe (Pb), i-tin (Sn), okanye i-cadmium (Cd) idlula isixa esichaziweyo kwi-aluminiyam: i-alloy ye-zinc, i-corrosion ingenzeka. Le corrosion ayiqhelekanga, iyenzeka emva kwexesha elithile, kwaye ibonakaliswe ngokukodwa phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu, i-atmospheres ephezulu yokufuma.