1. Intshayelelo kwigrafu yegrafu
I-greyitite crucabszizinto eziyimfuneko kwishishini lokuphosa intsimbi. Kodwa yintoni ebangela ukuba baxabiseke, kwaye kutheni iingcali zengcali zixhomekeke kwigrafu ngaphezulu kwezinye izinto? Yonke le ihla kwiipropathi ezizodwa zegrafu: Ukuqhutywa kweMpumelelo ephezulu, ukumelana nobushushu obukhethekileyo, kunye nokuzinza kwamachiza.
Isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kumashishini anjengokuphoswa kwentsimbi, ukucocwa kwentsimbi exabisekileyo, kunye nezisu, iimbethe ezinqabileyo zegrafu zithembekile ngokuphatha ubushushu obuphakamileyo kunye nentsimbi eyahlukeneyo. Zixhaphake ngakumbi kwiinkqubo ezibandakanya iziseko ze-alpinum okanye izixhobo zokwenza ubushushu obuphezulu. I-grafite ithe tye ayizimelanga kuphela iimeko ezigqithisileyo kodwa ikwaqinisekisa ungcoliseko oluncinci, olubaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yokucoceka kwentsimbi.
2. Ukuqonda i-graphite ye-graphite yokukhanya kunye nemida yobushushu
2.1. Ukunyibilika kobushushu begrafu
Igrafu inendawo enyibilikayo ephezulu-malunga ne-3,600 ° C (6,512 ° F). Eli qondo lobushushu lingaphaya kweendawo ezinyibilikisiweyo zeentsimbi eziqhele ukwenziwa rhoqo kwii-acheries, ezinje:
- Ubhedu: I-1,085 ° C (i-1,984 ° F)
- I-aluminium: I-660 ° C (1,220 ° F)
- Intsimbi: I-1,538 ° C (2,800 ° F)
Ngenxa yoku, igrafu igqibelele kwizicelo apho kufuneka uzinzo lobushushu obukhulu. Ngelixa igrafu ayifikeleli kwindawo yayo yokunyibilika kwiisetingi zemizi-mveliso, ubushushu obuphezulu buqinisekisa uzinzo kunye nokuqina ngexesha lokuvezwa kobushushu obugqithisileyo.
2.2. Uluhlu lwamaqondo obushushu athe tyaba
Uninzi lwe-grafite cructibles luyenzelwe ukumelana namaqondo obushushu phakathi kwe-1,800 ° C ukuya kwi-2,800 ° C ngokuxhomekeka kubume babo kunye nenkqubo ethile yokwenziwa kwemveliso. Olu xinzelelo lobushushu obuphezulu lubethelela igrafu elungele uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, ukusuka kwizinyithisi ezinyibilikisileyo njengobhedu kunye ne-aluminium ukuba ziphathise izabelo kunye neentsimbi ezihlekisayo.
| Intsimbi | Inqaku lokunyibilika (° C) | Inqaku elicetyiswayo |
|---|---|---|
| Ubhedu | I-1,085 | Igrafu, i-silicon carbide |
| I-aluminium | I-660 | Igrafu, udongwe |
| Isilivere | I-961 | Igrafu |
| Igolide | I-1,064 | Igrafu |
| Intsimbi | I-1,370 - i-1,520 | Igrafu, i-silicon carbide |
Qaphela: Eli thebhile ibalaselisa indlela ukubethwa kwegrafu ukuba inike indlela yokusebenza efunekayo kwiintsimbi ezahlukeneyo.
I-3. Igrafu yegracabs vs. Ezinye izinto ezihlambeneyo
Ayisiyonto inqabileyo ye-idrat Nantsi igrafu efakwe njani nezinye izinto ezaziwayo:
- I-Recractory ye-qued: Yaziwa ngokuqina kunye nokusebenza kwexabiso, ukuhlalisa iindleko, i-queraction yesamente isebenza kakuhle kwizicelo zamaqondo obushushu aphakathi. Nangona kunjalo, banqongophele ubungakanani bamaqondo obushushu kunye nokunganyangeki kothusayo kwegrafu.
- I-Silica kunye neCeramic Crubibles: Ezi zisetyenziselwa ulwaliti okanye useto lwelebhu okanye iseto lwelebhu kodwa zihlala ziqinile kwizicelo eziphakamileyo zeshishini. Zingaphezulu kakhulu kothusa lwe-thermal, ngakumbi phantsi kokufudumeza kunye nemijikelezo yokupholisa.
| Izinto ezinqabileyo | Iqondo lokushisa i-max (° C) | Izicelo ezifanelekileyo |
|---|---|---|
| Igrafu | I-1,800 - 2,800 | Ukuphoswa kwentsimbi ephezulu, ukucoca |
| I-Silicon carbide | I-1,650 - 2,200 | Izinyithi, izabelo |
| Isamente | I-1,300 - i-1,800 | Ukusebenza kweqondo lobushushu elilinganiselweyo |
| Isilica | I-1,600 - i-1,800 | I-Laboratory kunye nokuSetyenziswa kwemichiza |
3.1. Kutheni ukhetha igraphite?
I-graphite igqwesile apho izinto ziphukile khona. Ukuxhathisa kwayo kwi-comrosion yekhemikhali, ukwanda komhlaba okuphantsi, kunye nokukwazi ukumelana nokothusa okuthe tyaba kuyenza lukhetho oluphezulu kwimizi-mveliso yentsimbi ephosa imizi-mveliso yentsimbi. I-graite engasebenziyo ngeentsimbi ezityhidiweyo ikwathintela ungcoliseko, ukuqinisekisa iimveliso zokuphela eziphezulu.
I-4. Ukukhetha ilungelo lokubethelwa kwentsimbi yentsimbi
Ukukhetha inqaba echanekileyo kubandakanya okungaphezulu kokwazi ubushushu obushushu. Nazi ezinye izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe:
- Ubungakanani obunqabileyo: Igrafu ye-greyitives ivela ngobukhulu obahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwilebhu encinci yelebhu kwiimodeli ezikwimizi-mveliso ekwaziyo ukubamba amakhulu eekhilogres zensimbi. Ubungakanani obugqwethekileyo kufuneka bakhethwe ngokusekwe kumthamo wensimbi olwenziwe kunye nohlobo lwesithando.
- Imilo: I-Churcables ifumaneka kwiimilo ezininzi, ezinjenge-cylindrical, i-conicical, kunye ne-ocer-pol. Ubume buchaphazela ukusebenza ngokukuko, ukusasazwa kwe-thermal, kunye nokuphatha.
- Uluhlu lobushushu: Soloko uqinisekisa ukunyamezelana kobushushu bakho, ngakumbi xa usebenza nezinyithi ezifuna ubushushu obufumeleyo, njengentsimbi nobhedu.
| Uhlobo oluhleliweyo | Eyona ilungileyo | Izibonelelo |
|---|---|---|
| I-cylindrical | Ukuphosa ngokubanzi | Nditsho nokusasazwa kobushushu, iguquguqukayo |
| I-Coyicional | Ukungcungcuthekiswa ngokuchanekileyo | Ukugalela ngokulula, kunciphisa ukuchitheka |
| Ezantsi-nye | Izicelo ezinkulu zeSoftry | Ukuhamba kwempahla efanelekileyo, kunciphisa ungcoliseko |
5. Abavelisi abathe tye kunye nokuqwalaselwa komgangatho
Ukukhetha ukuthembekaigrafu esithe tyabaUmvelisi ubalulekile ekusebenzeni kakuhle kokusebenza kunye nokuhlala kwezixhobo zakho. Nazi ezinye izinto eziphambili zokukhangela kumenzi:
- Umgangatho wezinto ezibonakalayo: Igrafiutha yokucoceka ePhezulu iqinisekisa ukumelana nobushushu, ukunciphisa ukunxiba, kunye nokunciphisa ukungcola.
- Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwemveliso: Iindlela zobuchule ezinje nge-isostatic yokucinezela isiphumo se-Debser Crubibles ezimelana nobushushu butshintsha ngcono.
- Izinketho zesiko: Abanye abavelisi banikezela ngobukhulu obunemilo kunye nemilo yokutshatisa iimfuno ezithile zeshishini.
Ukusebenza noMvelisi onamava kungekuphelanga kuphela i-chatile kuphela kodwa ikwabonelela ngokufikelela kwisikhokelo sengcali ekukhetheni intshatsheli efanelekileyo kwizicelo ezithile.
I-6. Unonophelo kunye nokugcinwa kwe-grafite subles
Inkathalo efanelekileyo ukhathalelo luvela i-Lifepan yegraphite kwaye iqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaguqukiyo. Nazi ezinye iingcebiso zolondolozo:
- Ukuhamba: Soloko uphakamisa igrafu enqabileyo ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa kokuqala ukuqhuba nakuphi na ukunyakama okugqithisileyo kunye nokuthintela ukuqhekeka.
- Kulumkele ukutshintsha okukhawulezayo: Igrafu iyamelana nokuntywila kwe-thermal, kodwa iqondo lobushushu eligqithisileyo lisenokubangela ukonakala.
- Coca rhoqo: Intsalela yensimbi inokusabela ngegrafu, ingozi eyenzakalisayo imbuyiselo. Ukucoca emva kokusebenzisa nganye kuyathintelayo ukwakhiwa.
- Ukugcinwa: Gcina igrafiki yegrafiti kwindawo eyomileyo ukuthintela ukufunxa, nto leyo inokukhokelela kwi-thermal shrick ekuvuseleleni.
Ukulandela la manyathelo kunceda ukugcina ingqibelelo yendlela kunye nokusebenza kwe-thermal ye-grafitite towes, ukunciphisa isidingo sokutshintsha rhoqo.
7. Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo (i-FAQs)
- Buyintoni ubushushu obungaphezulu kwegrafu enqabileyo inokumelana nayo?
Uninzi lwegrafu lokubethelwa iinqaba zinokuphatha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2,800 ° C, kuxhomekeke kumgangatho wabo kunye nesicelo esithile. - Ngaba unokugqobhoza iinqaba ezinqamlezileyo zisetyenziswa nge-propne aluminum?
Ewe, igrafu yegraphite ilungele i-Propane Aluminigues, ibonelela ngozinzo kwindawo yokunyibilika kwe-aluminium kunye nokuqinisekisa ungcoliseko oluncinci. - Yeyiphi indlela ebalaseleyo yokukhathalela igrafu ebumbeko?
Ngaphambi kokuba kubethekekileyo, kuphephe utshintsho lweqondo lobushushu ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ucoce rhoqo ukwandisa ixesha layo lobomi.
8. Kutheni usinyula njengomthengisi wakho othembekileyo?
Njengomboneleli ophambili wegrafu ekumgangatho ophakathi, siyaziqonda iimfuno ezifunwayo zeshishini lokuphosa. Nantsi ukuba kutheni iqabane lethu lelokhetho oluhle:
- Umgangatho obalaseleyo wezinto: I-graficieds yethu yenziwa kwigrafu ecocekileyo ePhezulu yokuqinisekisa ukumelana nobushushu obuqhelekileyo kunye nokuqina.
- Ubuchule beshishini: Ngeminyaka yamava, sinikezela ngezisombululo ezilungelelanisiweyo zohlobo lonke lokuphosa intsimbi.
- Izinketho ezifihlakeleyo: Sinika uluhlu olubanzi lweesayizi ezinqabileyo, iimilo, kunye neqondo lobushushu lokuzalela ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zeshishini.
- Inkxaso ethembekileyo: Ekukhetheni ilungelo lokunqongophala ekuboneleleni ngesikhokelo sokuthenga emva, iqela lethu lilapha ukukuxhasa kuwo onke amanqanaba.
Ngaba ukulungele ukuphucula inkqubo yakho yokuphosa ngeprogram ye-premiyamu?Qhagamshelana nathiNamhlanje ukuphonononga imveliso yethu ebanzi kwaye fumanisa ukuba kutheni silukhetho oluthembekileyo kumachiza kunye neengcali zehlabathi.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: UNv-11 ukuya ku-1124