Kumzima ohlukeneyo, kukho imbeko ephosakeleyo malunga nokusetyenziswa kweigrafu esithe tyaba. Uninzi lwabantu lukholelwa ngempazamo ukuba ezi mveliso zinokubaluleka okuncinci emarikeni, zicinga ukuba azibalulekanga. Nangona kunjalo, le njongo ayinakuba ngakuye kwinyaniso. Ngelixa igrafu egcobelweyo inokubonakala ngathi inolwakhiwo olulula- lwenzelwe ukuba luqulatha ulwelo olwahlukeneyo-ukungabikho kwabo kunokukhokelela kwimiba ebalulekileyo kuwo omabini amacandelo e-mesteljealical kunye namacandelokhemikhali. Masiphathe kwiinzuzo zegrafiki ezinqabileyo kwaye ziphonononge izicelo zazo ezahlukeneyo.
I-1. Ukungasebenzi kunye nomonde
Enye yeenzuzo ezidumileyo zegrafu ezibethelelwa kukungahambi kakuhle. Ezi zinto zibethwa ziimpawu zegrafu kunye ne-ratz, ezidityaniswe neecomples ezahlukeneyo emva koko zaphoswa kubushushu obukhulu bokudubula kwimveliso yabo. Olu hlengahlengiso lubalaseleyo lwenza ukuba kubekwe igrafu ukuba imbeke kakhulu i-acidic, ialkaline, kunye nolwelo oluzayo, ulungiselele ukubaluleka kwishishini lekhemikhali. Ukuvavanywa okubanzi ziinzululwazi kubonakalise ukuba ne-Aqua Graia-umxube owongalisayo we-Acids - unokukhuselwa ngokukhuselekileyo ngaphakathi kwegrafitite.
Ngapha koko, ukubethelelwa kwegrafu kubonakalisa ukumelana kobushushu obuqaqambileyo, ukukwazi ukuxhapha amarhabaxa angama-5000 e-Celsius ngaphandle kokuphefumla okukhulu. Oku kubangela ukuba balungele i-iron enesinyithi, ialuminiyam, kunye nezinye iinyibilikiswa nakwilizwe labo, ukuqinisekisa izixhobo zabo kwimizi-mveliso eyahlukeneyo.
I-2. Umgangatho ongacacanga
Umgangatho wegrafu yegrafiki yenye ingenelo. Ezi zinto zibethelayo zenzelwe ukunyamekela uxinzelelo lwangaphandle, zibenze baxhathise kakhulu kwizisongelo ngaphandle kokuba ziphantsi kwamandla angaphaya kwamandla abo. Inkqubo yemveliso yegrafu yegraphite nganye inamathela kwimigangatho engqongqo, iqinisekisa ukucaciswa kwinqanaba ngalinye. Kuphela yile ndlela icebayo inokuthi imveliso yokugqibela ithathwa njengefanelekileyo ngenjongo.
Igrafu nganye ithe tye ibusikelwe phantsi kovavanyo lobume benqanaba lokulinganisa ngaphambi kokuba ifumaneke kubathengi. Iziqu ezilawulayo ziqhuba iitsheki ezingenamveliso kwezi mveliso, kwaye nayiphi na imeko yokungathobeli isiphumo sokunqongophala kwemveliso kunye nezohlwayo ezikhulu, okanye ukuvalwa kwemveliso yemveliso. Amanyathelo angqongqo akhoyo ngenxa yokulimaza imixholo evumelekileyo kunokubangela impilo yabantu. Ukuthintela okuvuza okunjalo kunyanzelisa ukulungisa umba kwiingcambu zayo, ukuqala ngemveliso yezi ntloko-ntle.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: AUG-28-2023